ABSTRACT
Coronavirus (CoV) is a family of RNA viruses that cause disease in humans and other animals by entering the body via ACE2 receptors found in various organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and digestive system. Coronaviruses are large particle viruses that are enveloped, spherical, have surface protrusion-forming spikes, and have a large positive- sense single-stranded RNA genome. A total 90 samples were collected from people suspected of being infected with SARSCoV-2, 50 blood samples were collected from patients, and 40 samples were collected from healthy individuals as a control group, who aged 20-80 years and carried out during September (2020) to January (2022) at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital. Some immunological parameters were studied on serum of 50 patients and 40 control by using enzyme linked immunoassay sorbent assay (ELISA). The result found the gender ratio and HLA typing (HLA-G, HLA-DR). There is no noticeable difference between males and females in the values of HLA-DR, while there is a clear increase in the values of HLA-G in male patients than in females, and there is an increase in values between patients and healthy subjects. Reduced amounts of HLA-DR can also place COVID-19 patients at high risk of secondary and severe bacterial nosocomial infections. The results of the age groups were the HLA types (HLA-DR, HLA-G) show that The young age groups have lower level of HLA-DR in comparison with adult age groups, the Mean ± SD, of young age groups (30 -39y and 40 -49y) was revealed that 2.89 ± 0.65 and 2.59 ± 0.64) respectively, at LSD value (1,07). While the result of HLA-G show that the higher level were spotted at adult age groups (40 -49 y, at 606.66 ± 376.33) in comparison with other age groups as well as control groups, with noted that higher level in control groups at adult age group (50-59 year, at 989.07 ± 488.84), at LSD value 54.8., The newly infected patients with Sars cov2 virus have reduced in HLA-DR expression in comparison with cured patients as well as in control (3.31 ± 1.07, 5.33 ± 2.99, 4.08 ± 2.09) at P. Vale < 0.05. While the cured patients have higher level of HLA-G than newly infected patients and healthy control at mean ± SD (792.95 ± 179.71, 597.99 ± 317.51 and 534.40 ± 360.84) respectively at P Value <0.05). The smoker patients have lower level of Both HLA-DR and HLA-G in comparison with nonsmoker of patients and control, at mean ± SD (2.70 ± 0.42, 456.15 ± 221.23), respectively of HLA-DR and HLA-G. © 2022, ResearchTrentz Academy Publishing Education Services. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
By preventing viral membrane hemifusion between the host and viral cell cytoplasm, the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) contributes significantly to the adaptive and innate immune response. Incidence and severity of influenza or other viral infections have been linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene IFITM3. Our goal was to examine how SNPs in the gene IFITM3 affected SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study's sampling took place on Covid-19, a subject patient in Babylon Governorate, between October 24, 2021 and November 1, 2022. There were Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in the 305 base-pair PCR results of the IFITM3 center advertiser locale around record start site (rs6598045), (rs7478728), (rs71452596), (rs7479267). Every one of these SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg harmony (P.0.05) both in the Covid -19 and control gatherings. was found among three SNPs, rs7478728, rs71452596 and rs7479267. © 2022, ResearchTrentz Academy Publishing Education Services. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus (CoV) is a family of RNA viruses that cause disease in humans and other animals by entering the body via ACE2 receptors found in various organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and digestive system. Coronaviruses are large particle viruses that are enveloped, spherical, have surface protrusion-forming spikes, and have a large positive- sense single-stranded RNA genome. A total 90 samples were collected from people suspected of being infected with SARSCoV-2, 50 blood samples were collected from patients, and 40 samples were collected from healthy individuals as a control group, who aged 20-80 years and carried out during September (2020) to January (2022) at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital. All were checked by using real- time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) technology. Evaluations of miRNAs were performed in a group of newly infected patients with the SARSCoV-2 virus and healthy individuals who were cured, the result found MiRNA -192 gene have 84 % positive RT-PCR result in comparison with 16 % in which have negative result , while the other gene MiRNA - 31 have 36% positive result in comparison with 64% as a negative result, as well as 100 % of H.K. gene, The CT value show the high level of MIRNA -31 in comparison with MiRNA - 192 as well as H.K. gene in newly infected patients. The low CT value of MiRNA -31CT value in MiRNA 31 (34.76) refer to high level of such gene in studied patients, increased indicated of lower level in curried patients after infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus, because that inverse relationship between CT value number and MiRNA level. While the CT value of H.K. gene revealed that (24.39), the optimum control (H.K. gene) CT value should be in between 20-30 CT value as constant index measure. © 2022 Universidad Tecnica de Manabi. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are respiratory illness-causing viruses that belong to the Coronaviridae family. These infect humans as well as some other animals. The first encounter with the CoV, identified as HCoV-OC43 and HCoVs229E, originated in the 1960s.(1) They are enveloped viruses with a helical symmetry nucleocapsid and a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome.Coronaviruses had some of the largest genome sizes among RNA viruses, ranging from 26 to 32 kilobases.They have distinctive club-shaped spikes that protrude from their surface, creating an image reminiscent of the solar corona in electron micrographs..(2) Interferon (IFN) are a group of cytokines that were discovered to have antiviral properties nearly half a century age,In the inflammatory response to infections, interferons are proteins released by a variety of cells,The immune system activates their development in response to pathogens or cytokines (3).Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) regulates immune and inflammatory responses in humans;there is only one form of IFNgamm.It's made by T-cells that have been programmed and natural killer cell.IFN- has antiviral and antitumor properties(3) From a group of probable cases infected with the SARS-COV-2 virus (Covid-19), blood samples were taken from 100 patients and all blood samples were chickened using traditional PCR and 10 samples were taken for sequencing polymorphism detection., in order to assess the presence of IFN- in SARS-COV-2 patients, The presence of IFN- with a high level is most common two weeks after infection, whereas a high level is associated with mild symptoms and is more common in men than in women. The ten sequenced samples had 700bp multiple alignment results that were successful. In comparison to the referring reference IFN-γ gene sequences, all ten analyzed samples revealed 100 percent identity with reference strain "NG 015840.1" no variable positions in all ten analyzed samples revealed 100 percent identity with reference strain "NG 015840.1".
ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are respiratory illness-causing viruses that belong to the Coronaviridae family. These infect humans as well as some other animals. The first encounter with the CoV, identified as HCoV-OC43 and HCoVs229E, originated in the 1960s.(1) They are enveloped viruses with a helical symmetry nucleocapsid and a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome.Coronaviruses had some of the largest genome sizes among RNA viruses, ranging from 26 to 32 kilobases.They have distinctive club-shaped spikes that protrude from their surface, creating an image reminiscent of the solar corona in electron micrographs..(2) Interferon (IFN) are a group of cytokines that were discovered to have antiviral properties nearly half a century age,In the inflammatory response to infections, interferons are proteins released by a variety of cells,The immune system activates their development in response to pathogens or cytokines (3).Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) regulates immune and inflammatory responses in humans;there is only one form of IFNgamm.It's made by T-cells that have been programmed and natural killer cell.IFN- has antiviral and antitumor properties(3) From a group of probable cases infected with the SARS-COV-2 virus (Covid-19), blood samples were taken from 100 patients and all blood samples were chickened using traditional PCR and 10 samples were taken for sequencing polymorphism detection., in order to assess the presence of IFN- in SARS-COV-2 patients, The presence of IFN- with a high level is most common two weeks after infection, whereas a high level is associated with mild symptoms and is more common in men than in women. The ten sequenced samples had 700bp multiple alignment results that were successful. In comparison to the referring reference IFN- gene sequences, all ten analyzed samples revealed 100 percent identity with reference strain "NG 015840.1" no variable positions in all ten analyzed samples revealed 100 percent identity with reference strain "NG 015840.1".
ABSTRACT
The term coronavirus was first specified as a virus having spike-like projections, Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in both human and vertebrates. They can infect the respiratory, and gastrointestinal tract, hepatic, and central nervous system of human, livestock, birds, bat, mouse, and many other wild animals, which are enveloped viruses that possess large-sized single-strand RNA genomes. On December 29, 2019, the WHO officially named the novel disease as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus can enter the human body by its Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors which are located in various organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and digestive system, which is complementary in shape to the spike shape which allows successful attachment to occur and makes it easier for the virus to enter the target cells. From a group of probable cases in which that infected with SARS-COV-2 virus (Covid-19) taken the nasopharyngeal swab into viral transport Media (VTM) from 120 patients as studied group, all samples were chickened by using Direct Immunofluorescences antibody procedure provided by (Viro-Cell Company). The VTM containing Nasopharyngeal swab was taking to Real Time PCR, by Using Bioron– Real Time Kit, to evaluate the presence of gene differentiation of SARS-COV-2 as well as allelic discrimination through specific protocol provided with Bioron Kit on the Bio –Rad Thermo cycler system. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, ANOVA and Chi – Square.Gene distinction of SARS-CoV-2 with allelic discrimination by real time PCR. The presence of S gene mostly in first few days of infection while E gene present in the end time of infection over 1-2 week of onset of infection as well as N gene but in less degree. The N gene has a higher level of stability and conservation, With high percent amino acid similarity and less mutations over time. The heterozygote of (S and / E gene) have higher percentage than other. © 2021, Annals of R.S.C.B. All rights reserved.